Staying Safe through RSV Season
Answers to protect your baby

By Dr. Dean Blumberg, MD

What is RSV?
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) is a disease that infects the upper respiratory system, including the nose, with symptoms that often resemble a common cold. In Greater Sacramento, approximately 50% of children are infected with RSV every year, some more than once per year, and between 1 and 3 local children out of 100 are hospitalized for RSV every year. Virtually all babies contract RSV at least once by the age of two, and since symptoms often run their course, you may not even be aware your child has had RSV.

When should parents be on the lookout for symptoms?
The RSV season in our region reaches its peak in January. The typical RSV season begins in the late fall and continues for four to five months. So, it's important that parents continue monitoring their baby for RSV symptoms and consult their medical care provider with any questions or concerns.

Which babies are most at-risk?
All babies are at risk for contracting RSV, especially between birth and age six months. And while most cases are mild, some infants are at higher risk for a more severe RSV. For example, it's a leading cause of viral respiratory infection among premature infants. Due to their early arrival, premature babies' lungs and immune response for fighting off infections may not be fully developed. This makes preemies more susceptible to contracting a more serious case of the virus.

Beyond prematurity, low birth weight (less than 5 pounds), chronic lung problems, heart disease, or immune deficiency can all be risk factors for severe RSV. Infants whose families have a history of asthma, and those exposed to tobacco smoke, are also at increased risk, because RSV infection may trigger an episode of wheezing.

What are the symptoms of RSV?
Initial common symptoms of RSV include a stuffy or runny nose, cough and slight fever. If a child has RSV for several days, they may have more difficulty breathing and feeding and may appear especially tired. Babies who develop bronchiolitis will have a worsening cough, and wheezing may be heard.

How can I prevent RSV in my baby?
RSV lives on surfaces, like countertops and tissues, for several hours, so parents want to take extra precautions during this season. Always wash your hands before touching your baby, and make sure others do too. You can also wash toys and bedding frequently, and shield your baby from tobacco smoke, people with colds and unnecessary exposure to crowds. Effective hand washing requires at least 20 seconds using soap and water, or alcohol-based hand gels (e.g. Purell) are even better when hands are not visibly soiled.

If your baby may be at risk for severe RSV disease, speak with your baby's physician about any special care your child may require.


Dr. Dean Blumberg, MD, is Associate Professor/Section Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at UC Davis Medical Center.